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多激发波长调制叶绿素荧光仪——MULTI-COLOR-PAM
日期:2017-01-04 23:28:44

主要功能


测量参数

Fo, Fm, F, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II), qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), ETR, ETR(II)λ, p, J, Tau, Sigma(II)λ, PAR、PAR(II) 等


应用领域

主要用于各种藻类的深入光合作用机理研究,用适合的波长、全新的测量、全新的参数进行蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、红藻、隐藻等的深入研究。如选配高等植物附件,也可实现对高等植物叶片的测量。


主要技术参数

测量光:提供 400、440、480、540、590 和 625 nm 的脉冲调制测量光,20 个强度选择,14 个频率选择。

光化光:提供 440、480、540、590、625 nm 和 420-640 nm(白光)连续光化光照,最大光强 4000 μmol m-2 s-1;单周转饱和闪光的最大强度 200 000 μmol m-2 s-1,持续时间 5-50 μs可调;多周转饱和闪光强度 10 000 μmol m-2 s-1,1-800 ms可调。

远红光:725 nm。

信号检测:PIN-光电二极管,带特制锁相放大器(专利设计),最大时间分辨率 10 μs。


Multi-Color-PAM的功能介绍

光系统 II 的相对电子传递速率 rETR 是很常用的一个参数。rETR = PAR × Y(II) × ETR-factor,其中 ETR-factor 是指光系统II吸收的光能占总入射 PAR 的比例。在大多数已发表的文献中,均没有试图去测定 ETR-factor,只是简单地假定跟 “模式叶片” 相同,即有 50% 的 PAR 分配到光系统 II,84% 的 PAR 被光合色素吸收。因此在已有的文献中,rETR一般是用公式 rETR = PAR × Y(II) × 0.84 × 0.5 来计算的。

近期,利用多激发波长调制叶绿素荧光仪 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 可以实现光系统II的绝对电子传递速率 ETR(II)λ 的测量。首先需要利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 测定某个波长下的光系统II功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)λ(单位nm2)(其中λ为波长),然后求出光系统II的量子吸收速率 PAR(II) = Sigma(II)λ × L × PAR = 0.6022 × Sigma(II)λ× PAR。其中 L 为阿伏伽德罗常数,系数 0.6022 是将 1 μmol quanta m-2 (即 6.022 × 1017 quanta m-2)转换为 0.6022 quanta nm-2,PAR(II) 的单位为 quanta/(PSII × s)。接下来就可以计算 ETR(II)λ = PAR(II) × Y(II)/Y(II)max,其中 Y(II)max 是经过暗适应达到稳态后的光系统II的量子产量,也就是 Fv/Fm×ETR(II) 的单位为 electrons/(PSII × s)。

传统的调制叶绿素荧光仪一般只能提供一种或两种颜色的光源,如发出白光的卤素灯、发出蓝光的蓝色 LED 或发出红光的红色 LED 等。用不同颜色的光测量的结果可能会有不同,如图 1A 所示,用蓝光(440 nm)和红光(625 nm)测量绿藻小球藻的快速光曲线有非常显著的差别,蓝光照射下的 rETRmax 显著小于红光照射下,且在较强的光曲线 rETR 有轻微下降趋势,这说明蓝光的更容易引发光抑制 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。由此可以推测,过去文献报道的很过实验结果,可能会存在由于采用的激发光源不同而引起的错误理解。

如上文所述,利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM,已经可以测量真实电子传递速率 ETR(II)λ。如果用 ETR(II)λ 来绘制快速光曲线会出现什么结果呢?图 1B 是将图 1A 的结果转换成绝对电子传递速率后得到的结果,可以看出无论是照射蓝光还是照射红光,其绝对电子传递速率是一致的。由此证明图 1A 中结果的差异是由于不同波长下藻细胞的光系统 II 功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)λ 的大小不同引起的 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。这种利用绝对电子传递速率 ETR(II)λ 绘制的快速光曲线在未来的科研中可能会发挥越来越重要的作用。

1.jpg2.jpg
图1 利用相对电子传递速率(A)和绝对电子传递速率(B)分别绘制的快速光曲线(引自Schreiber et al., 2012)
利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 分别以蓝光(440 nm)和红光(625 nm)作为光化光源,测量小球藻(Chlorella sp.)的快速光曲线。
图A中,rETR 的计算采用 0.42 作为 ETR factor。
图B中,蓝光和红光激发下获得的光系统II功能性光学截面积 Sigma(II)λ 分别为 4.547 和 1.669 nm2,计算绝对电子传递速率 ETR(II)440 和 ETR(II)625 的 Fv/Fm 分别为 0.68 和 0.66。


选购指南

一、悬浮样品测量基本款

系统组成:通用型主机,标准版检测单元,悬浮液的光学单元,数据线,工作台,软件等

MC-1.jpg-1.jpg
悬浮样品测量基本款



二 、高等植物叶片测量基本款

系统组成:通用型主机,标准版检测单元,特制叶片夹,数据线,工作台,软件等

MC-3-1.jpg
高等植物叶片测量特制叶夹



三、其他可选附件

1,ED-101US/T: 控温装置,安装在 ED-101US/MD 上,为悬浮液控温;可外接循环水浴来控温,

2,US-SQS/WB: 球状微型光量子探头,可插入样品杯中测量 PAR;由主机 DUAL-C 控制。

3,PHYTO-MS:磁力搅拌器,连接到光学单元 ED-101US/MD 的底部对悬浮液进行搅拌。

  

产地:德国WALZ


参考文献

数据来源:光合作用文献 Endnote 数据库,更新至 2021 年 1 月,文献数量超过 10000 篇

原始数据来源:Google Scholar

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